The Paleontology of North America

Gymnosperms from North America

> "Seed Ferns" | Ginkgoes | Cycads and Relatives | Conifers and Relatives | Gnetophytes | Other Gymnosperms

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Pinus balli
Pinus balli
© 1998 UCMP

Bucklandia sp.
Bucklandia sp.
© 2005 The Virtual Fossil Museum

Sequoia affinis
Sequoia affinis
© 1998 UCMP

What are Gymnosperms? Gymnosperms were the earliest seed-producing, woody plants. The term gymnosperm means “naked seed,” and this group includes all the seed-producing plants except the angiosperms (flowering plants). Their seeds commonly appear in a cone and lack the protective covering present in the seeds of flowering plants. Gymnosperms dominated the forests and swamps throughout much of the Mesozoic. Many have gone extinct, but members of the ginkgoes, cycads, and conifers are still around today.

First known fossil occurrence: Devonian.

Last known fossil occurrence: Quaternary. This group has living relatives.

Fossils through time:
Choose a time period to see what life was like:

Quaternary
Tertiary
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Precambrian